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Total stations can easily now perform the vast majority of the work that have been historically completed by theodolites or transits. In addition they perform the particular work much more reliably and quickly.

The total station has 3 primary elements namely; the electronic distance measuring component (EDM); the angle measurement component and the processing unit Computer.

These systems can automatically observe horizontal angles and vertical angles, as well as distances along a slope, from a straightforward single create. From these kinds of measurements they can easily , at the touch of a button, work out the horizontal and vertical distances, elevations and the coordinates of the particular points sighted, and show the actual results on a digital screen. The information can easily be kept onboard or even transmitted to external systems.

The telescope is an essential part of any total station device. It is mounted between the instrument’s standards, and just after the instrument has been setup level, it can be turned or plunged, so that the actual axis of sight describes a vertical plane. The axis about which the telescope revolves is actually known as the horizontal axis. The telescope can also be rotated in any azimuthal plane about a vertical line which usually is termed the vertical axis. Being able to both revolve and turn about these axis allows the operator to aim the unit in any azimuth, and along any gradient in order to sight the observed points. This is of course essential when measuring angles. The device possesses 3 reference axes, the sight line, the horizontal and the vertical axes.

Total stations are usually designed with a pair of graduated circles that will be mounted in perpendicular planes. The instrument is simply set up so that the actual horizontal ring is horizontal. This conveniently sets the vertical plane. Modern instruments can now carry out a basic self leveling action from a nominal level situation.

The total station will probably have many pre-programmed functions that usually are selectable via the main and sub menus on the Liquid crystal display screen. Your device will also provide a thorough or summary help functionality. Prompting the operator to perform the next required operation. Whilst this does not really do away with the need for basic training. It is a good way of ensuring proper operation.

The majority of total stations can carry out complicated calculations on the data being measured in ‘real time’ or perhaps at the push of a button after the measurement has bee taken.

There are a number of associated pieces of equipment which are frequently associated with a total station. These would include retro targets, tripods and pk nail and prisms.

Many total stations can certainly now be operated remotely. The operator can set the unit and then move around with a remote positioning unit. The total station can then be controlled to track until it finds the prism remote unit, then log the actual location. The keyboard on the remote unit can completely work the total station and consequently a single individual could carry out a full survey following setup of the station.

In many situations it is important to be able to re-establish the actual stations for subsequent surveys. In this case survey nails would probably be utilised to form a more permanent reference point. The total station could then be set up over the particular point for subsequent surveys.

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